Concrete buildings consist of several parts starting from ordinary concrete, followed by reinforced concrete bases.
Screws:
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They resemble piles and do not require the use of a large amount of iron, as they are rectangular piles oriented horizontally from reinforced concrete, which allows them to transfer the loads of the walls and transfer them to the columns, as well as determine the divisions of buildings, often the sectors of the piles are fixed and do not need to be designed as the loads on them are not large. The loads on them are not large, and they are used in the event that the depth of excavation for the foundations is large in order to carry the walls of the ground floor, one of the disadvantages of smelts is that the connection of the separate bases is weaker than the wrenches, as they are in the area of the column neck, which is a stress area, and the reinforcement of the smelts is no different from the reinforcement of the piles and ends at the columns and the smelts sector like the piles.
Tensioners:
The tensioner is also a concrete ball but designed between the neighbor's base carrying the column load at the far end of the neighbor's adjacent base and the opposite base to avoid wrapping the neighbor's base due to the eccentric load of the neighbor's column.
Tensioners are cast with the base and are used to connect the bases with each other in the case of weak soil, and they are between the bases next to the neighbor and other bases where the column is on the base, so a tensioner must be placed so that the base does not overturn with the weight of the column and to cause stability for the column, and the tensioners have large sections and have a design according to the load on the column and the rebar is much larger than the rebar
Tensioners are structurally better than bolts in connecting separate bases due to the fact that the bonding area in tensioners is with the separate base, while with bolts it is in the neck area of the column, which is an area of stresses.
Tensioners are structurally better than bolts in connecting separate bases.
Tensioners are for transferring loads between columns and stabilizing the bases adjacent to the neighbor, while bolts are for carrying ground floor walls or basement walls if the building has a basement.
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